(Coffea arabica)
The coffee tree, scientifically known as Coffea arabica, is a plant native to the mountainous regions of northeastern Africa, especially Ethiopia. It is the most widely cultivated species worldwide and is responsible for approximately 60–70% of global coffee production.
Coffea arabica is an evergreen shrub that can reach 2–5 meters in height when grown naturally, although it is often pruned in cultivation to facilitate harvesting. Its leaves are glossy green, elongated, and opposite. It produces small, highly fragrant white flowers, which give rise to fruits known as coffee cherries. These cherries, once ripe, contain two seeds: the coffee beans.
This species grows best at medium and high altitudes (between 600 and 2,000 meters above sea level) in temperate and humid climates. Coffea arabica crops are sensitive to extreme temperature changes, which means that environmental conditions directly influence the quality of the beans.
In addition to its economic value as the basis for one of the world’s most consumed beverages, the coffee tree is also important for rural ecosystems, as it is often grown under shade, which promotes biodiversity and protects the soil.
Arabica coffee is prized for its smooth, aromatic flavor that is less bitter than other varieties, making it the preferred choice for specialty coffees.
